CBD In Treatment of Alzheimers, Addictions and Mood Disorders
Instructor: Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes LPC-MHSP, LMHC, CCDRC
Executive Director: AllCEUs
Host: Counselor Toolbox and Happiness Isn’t Brain Surgery Podcasts
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CBD In Treatment of Alzheimer’s, Addictions and Mood Disorders
Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes
Objectives
– CBD and Addiction
– CBD and mental health issues
– CBD and neurodegenerative issues
– CBD adverse events, toxicity and drug interactions
CBD and Substance Use Disorder
– Cannabidiol's Promise for Treatment of Substance Use Disorder
– Recent models implicate major brain circuits involved in reward saliency, motivation, and memory/learned associations in maintaining addiction (7). Critically, these circuits may largely be modulated by the endocannabinoid system (ECS)
– Endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulates dopamine
– Alcohol, Nicotine and THC all increase dopamine release via nerve terminals modulated by the ECS
– ECS (Including receptor CB1R) represents a necessary contributor toward cellular adaptations in the transition from recreational substance use to a use disorder
– ECS-mediated synaptic plasticity may facilitate emotional learning and memory processes increasing emotional response to substance-related cues
– Antagonism of CB1R reduces alcohol-induced sensitization and nicotine relapse
– CBD is non-rewarding, and acts on a number of receptor systems including the opioid, serotonergic and cannabinoid (CB1R antagonist) systems.
– Systemically administered CBD regulates mesolimbic DA activity, and potentially attenuate substance-induced dysregulation
– Treatment with CBD blocked the rewarding effects of morphine and heroin and prevented drug and stress-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) lasting up to 2 weeks post-administration
CBD and Alcoholism
– CBD reduces
– The overall level of alcohol intake
– Motivation for ethanol
– Anxiety
– Impulsivity
– Alcohol-related steatosis and fibrosis in the liver by reducing lipid accumulation, stimulating autophagy, modulating inflammation
– Oxidative stress, and by inducing death of activated hepatic stellate cells.
– Alcohol-related brain damage, preventing neuronal loss by its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.
Stimulant Use Disorders
– CBD has reversed
– Toxicity and seizures induced by cocaine
– Behavioural sensitization induced by amphetamines
– Motivation to self-administer cocaine and METH
– CBD also increased the extinction of cocaine- and amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP)
– Mechanisms involved in the protective effects of CBD on addiction to psychostimulant drugs include
– Prevention of drug-induced neuroadaptations
– Erasure of aberrant drug-memories
– Elimination of cognitive deficits induced by psychostimulant drugs
– Alleviation of mental disorders comorbid with psychostimulant abuse
Cannabis and Mental Health Disorders
– Anxiety, social anxiety , depression (esp anxiety related) reduction
– CBD has many additional targets within and beyond the endocannabinoid system, including activation of 5-HT receptors, –adrenoceptors and –opioid receptors
– CBD has opposite effects of THC in the Prefrontal Cortex and amygdala
– CBD, either as monotherapy or added to regular antipsychotic medication, improved symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, with promising effects in the early stages of illness
PTSD
– 91% experienced a decrease in PTSD symptom severity, as evidenced by a lower PCL-5 score at 8 weeks than at their initial baseline. T
Alzheimer’s and Dementia
– Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid which is helpful as an anxioxidant to reduce oxidative stress, an anti-inflammatory and an agonist of dopamine and serotonin
– Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are both characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress.
– CBD is also helpful in patients with epilepsy, restless legs and multiple sclerosis
– CBD did not negatively alter cardiovascular parameters, body temperature, psychomotor, psychological functions, nor did it induce catalepsy (trance or seizure like state) like delta-9-THC
Alzheimer’s and Dementia
– Based on its pharmacology (Russo and Marcu, 2017),CBD may be useful for
– Agitation
– Anxiety
– Psychosis
– Aggression
– Depression
– Pain
– Neuroprotection
– Reduced A-plaque formation
Inflammation
– Pain
– Autoimmune
Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity
– CBD AEs at doses higher than recommended for human consumption included
– Developmental toxicity
– Embryo-fetal mortality
– Central nervous system inhibition
– Neurotoxicity
– Hepatocellular injuries & hepatic abnormalities
– Spermatogenesis reduction
– Male reproductive system alterations
– Hypotension
– Diarrhea, vomiting
– Fatigue
CBD Adverse Effects
– Cannabis and CBD use are rising amongst pregnant women. An estimated 4% – 20% of 18- to 24-year-old pregnant women reported using cannabis products
– CBD inhibits embryo implantation and placenta development
– Prenatal cannabinoid exposure potentiates the teratogenic effects of alcohol increasing the risk of the development of FASDs and craniofacial malformations and eye defects
Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity
– Drug-drug interactions
– Drugs with the grapefruit warning
– Steroids and corticosteroids (asthma, arthritis and inflammatory conditions)
– Statins (cholesterol)
– Calcium channel blockers (blood pressure)
– Antihistamines
– HIV antivirals & immune modulators
– Benzodiazepines
– Antidepressants medications and herbs (acting on serotonin or dopamine)
– Anticonvulsants (i.e. Clonazepam)
– Beta-blockers (blood pressure)
– Proton-pump inhibitors (stomach acid)
– Oral diabetic medications
Summary
– CBD is showing promise as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for a variety of ailments ranging from Alzheimer’s and Addiction to Parkinson’s and Schizophrenia.
– CBD does not have the psychogenic effects that THC does, however, THC has been found to be more effective at addressing some issues
– OTC CBD is nonstandardized so dosages, even from the same manufacturer, but in different lots may have different potencies
– CBD interacts with most medications, so it is vital to consult a physician prior to using it.
– Dosages of CBD in the literature varied widely.
– Currently there are a couple CBD based medications for the treatment of seizure disorder
– CBD oils also may have a trace of THC in them—again, in OTC formulations, it may be variable, but supposed to be less than 0.3%