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Video by Dr. Dawn Elise Snipes on integrative behavioral health approaches including counseling techniques and skills for improving mental health and reducing mental illness.

Acetylcholine
Objectives
– Review the function of Acetylcholine
– Identify mood and behavioral disorders associated with acetylcholine imbalance
– Explore interaction between acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters and hormones
Function of Acetylcholine
– Stimulating skeletal muscles, smooth muscles dilation of blood vessels, slowed heart rate, increased body secretions
– Memory and Learning
– Attention
– Cognition
– Motivation
– Arousal
– Promoting REM sleep
– The central nervous system undergoes several dynamic changes during sleep, which are mediated by norepinephrine, serotonin, and acetylcholine.
– Sleep contributes to memory and brain plasticity and triggers overnight learning
– Immunity: During infection this immune-derived ACh is necessary for the T cells to migrate into infected tissues
Implication in Mood and Behavioral Disorders
– Alzheimerā€™s patients have low acetylcholine levels
– Parkinsonā€™s
– Delirium: Caused by acetylcholine deficiency and dopamine excess, relative to each other
– Anxiety: In excess compared to other NTs, acetylcholine increases anxiety
– nAChR agonists
– Can improve mood and cognitive performance in depressed individuals
– regulate mood, anxiety, and aggression related behavioral states
Symptoms
– Excess
– Increases hypervigilance
– Increases fear learning
– Increases anxiety
– Increases CB1 receptors promoting eating
– Contributes to rumination and reduced psychological flexibility
– Can cause delirium, confusion, headache, or drowsiness
– Increased body temperature and flushing
– Increased blood pressure
– Increases the release of gastric acid
Acetylcholine and Mood
– Unipolar Depression
– AChEI: Worsened depression (induced in controls)
– mAChR agonist: Worsened depression (induced in controls w/ cannabis and with Alzheimerā€™s)
– Antimuscarinic: Antidepressant
– nAChR agonist: Antidepressant in non-smokers
– Bipolar depression
– AChEi: Worsened depression
– AChR agonist: Worsened depression
– Antimuscarinic: Antidepressant
– Bipolar mania
– AChEI: Reduced mania
– AChR agonist: Reduced mania

Summary
– Acetylcholine is not often talked about but is a necessary excitatory neurotransmitter
– Acetylcholine interacts with gonadal hormones, thyroid hormones and several neurotransmitters
– Acetylcholine is important for energy, memory, attention, regulation of muscle contraction and much more.
– Choline is necessary to make acetylcholine
– Tyrosine is necessary to make acetylcholine
– Too much acetylcholine contributes to anxiety and irritability, too little contributes to anhedonia

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