Problematic porngraphy use (PPU) has become a growing concern, but what leads some people to develop an unhealthy relationship with porn? Recent research points to a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social factors that contribute to PPU.
On the biological level, brain imaging studies reveal that porn addicts show decreased activity in regions involved in impulse control like the inferior frontal gyrus and insula. At the same time, reward circuits including the striatum and amygdala activate more strongly in response to porn, suggesting hypersensitivity to sexual rewards. Porn addicts also demonstrate hormonal changes and differences in brain waves compared to non-addicts.
Psychologically, those with PPU display cognitive biases and motivational patterns similar to substance addicts. They show attentional fixation, cravings and cue-reactivity to pornographic imagery, as well as problems with impulsiveness and emotion regulation. Behaviorally, they tend to use avoidance coping and report negative beliefs about pornography, but have difficulty quitting or cutting back on use. Underlying personality factors and mental health issues also increase vulnerability.
Socially, PPU occurs more frequently among men, especially younger males. Poor family and social support, loneliness and moral/religious objections to pornography are additional risk factors. Those with PPU often report feeling out of control over usage despite negative consequences in their relationships or work.
In summary, PPU has diverse biological causes like brain changes and hormone imbalances. But psychological and social influences are equally important, whether it's coping skills, beliefs about porn, or social support. The biopsychosocial model reminds us that PPU arises from a combination of biological, psychological and social factors interacting. Treatment should therefore target the brain and behavior, but also focus on building healthy relationships and lifestyle habits. A comprehensive approach is needed to manage this complex disorder.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28409565/
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